AN ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS SPECIAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA: IMPLICATION FOR VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
SANNI ROTIMI AKINWALE (PhD).
VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEPT
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
ADEKUNLE AJASIN UNIVERSITY, AKUNGBA AKOKO
INTRODUCTION
For the reason that United Nations declared 1975 because the Worldwide Yr of Girls and the interval 1975-1985 as the last decade for girls, and the fourth world convention on ladies was held in Beijing in 1995, efforts to boost ladies’s financial standing by means of applicable coaching and schooling as a way of liberating them from males’s subjugation and all types of discrimination which has been their problem have elevated (Osunde and Omoruyi (2003.) Earlier than the Sixties, ladies’s actions weren’t pronounced and acknowledged, their providers have been largely appears to be unproductive and devalued (Omoruyi, 1999). In African society, ladies have been confined to be subordinate of males; therefore, for a very long time the coaching they obtained was confined to their function as moms and residential managers. One main purpose which was adduced for girls’s low standing has been lack of entry to schooling and earnings, they’ve needed to rely completely on their husbands to offer and meet their monetary obligations.
Since 1978, in step with international developments, there was a drastic flip round within the affairs of ladies in Nigeria, notably within the south. A sequence of efforts have been made to empower ladies. Girls’s improvement has grow to be a distinguished challenge in improvement planning actions. This has additionally been topic to fixed overview in step with international focus and the financial realities of our nation.
Probably the most worthwhile of all efforts in direction of emancipation of ladies is the institution of vocational schooling and particular coaching programmes designed to assist ladies purchase related saleable and marketable abilities that might allow them earn earnings and grow to be self-dependent and self-reliant (Sanni, 2015). Latest developments on this space present that girls’s schooling and coaching has occupied a central place within the actions of presidency and non-government at organizations who’re concerned in academic programmes for girls (Osuola and Omoruyi, 2003). Earlier than the late Nineteen Eighties, there have been only some centres for girls’s schooling: situated in Owo, Idoani Otuo, Irrua, Auchi, Afuze, Igarra and different components of the nation. In latest occasions nevertheless, the variety of ladies’s schooling centre has continued to extend because of the actions of the assorted ladies’s fee on the federal, state and native authorities ranges geared in direction of enhancing the financial and social standing of ladies. These talent coaching centres present ladies with abilities in tie and dye, fabric weaving, basket weaving, poultry, bead making, hair dressing, tailoring, baking and confectioneries, amongst others that can make them self-reliant and economically impartial. The particular abilities coaching programmes are focused at elevating the financial standing of ladies as nicely selling self-reliance and monetary independence.
Assertion of Downside
It has been asserted that almost all programmes designed for girl within the nation have been largely concentrated in city areas on the expense of rural areas, the place the vast majority of girl stay. Evidently, programmes that are focused at rural areas the place the vast majority of the ladies dwell and discover their technique of livelihood will produce a extra far-reaching impact. The perceptions and attitudes of ladies will undoubtedly assist to offer an perception into their stage of involvement and also will assist to ascertain if the programme is reaching out to the vast majority of the ladies who represent the goal group. If the attitudes of the ladies are identified they’ll present tips for making very important choices on the general group and implementation of vocational and talent coaching programme. It’s towards this backdrop that this research was carried out to determine ladies’s perceptions and angle in direction of the particular coaching programme established for them.
Goal of the Examine
The aim of the research is to evaluate ladies’s attitudes in direction of particular talent coaching programme in southern Nigeria, particularly the research will assess:
- The attitudes of the agricultural and concrete ladies in direction of particular abilities coaching programmes
- The perceptions of rural and concrete ladies’s in direction of particular abilities coaching programmes
Analysis Questions:
The next analysis questions guides the research.
- What’s the angle of rural and concrete ladies in direction of ladies particular abilities coaching programme?
- How do the agricultural and concrete ladies understand the ladies particular coaching programmes established for them?
Methodology
The research adopted easy descriptive survey analysis design in discovering the attitudes of rural and concrete ladies in direction of the particular abilities coaching programmes. Nwogu (2005) acknowledged that survey research is one during which a gaggle of individuals or objects are studied by gathering and analyzing information from only some individuals or objects think about to be illustration of all the group employs questionnaire and interview to find out opinion desire, angle and notion of individuals about a problem.
Inhabitants of the Examine
The inhabitants of the research consisted of all rural and concrete ladies within the particular abilities coaching centre within the southern a part of Nigeria. The goal inhabitants is 4,500 rural and concrete ladies.
Pattern and Pattern Strategies
The pattern of the research consisted of a complete of 420 feminine contributors chosen utilizing the easy random method from six ladies’s particular abilities coaching centre within the southern a part of Nigeria. Seventy contributors every have been chosen from every of the six centre.
Instrumentation
The instrument for information assortment for the research was a scale designed to evaluate the attitudes and opinions of ladies in direction of the particular abilities coaching programmes. Easy data objects on opinion and attitudes have been raised. The dimensions was designed by following the likert ranking strategy of scale building. The ladies with help of subject analysis assistants, recorded their responses on a four-point continuum of the survey scale starting from strongly Comply with strongly Disagree, with a weighting of 4 to 1. The cut-off level of two.5 was decided by discovering the imply of the values assigned to the choices.
Validation of Instrument
To validate the method some specialists within the College of Training, Adekunle Ajasin College, Akugba Akoko have been requested to scrutinize it and make feedback on the assemble validation. Their feedback and recommendations led to the modification of a number of the objects raised initially and the addition of some others.
Reliability of the Instrument
To find out the reliability of the method, a take a look at, re-test process was adopted with an interval time of two weeks. The outcome produced a reliability coefficient estimate of 0.72.
Methodology of Information Evaluation
Information collected was analysed utilizing easy imply, frequency depend and easy percentages. Means scores have been calculated by multiplying the frequency of response below every class and dividing the sum of the values obtained below every response class by the variety of respondents. The imply rating was additionally used to categorise the angle as “extremely beneficial” “beneficial” and “unfavourable” imply scores of three.00 -4.00 was thought to be extremely beneficial 250-2.99 “beneficial and any rating beneath 2.50 was categorized as “unfavourable”.
Outcomes and Findings of the Examine
The outcomes and findings of the research are offered within the tables beneath
LOCATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
City 269 63.81%
Rural 151 36.19%
Whole 420 100.00
Desk 1: Distribution of respondents primarily based on location
The information on desk 1 reveals that of the 420 ladies respondents, 269 (63.81%) have been city whereas 151 (36.19%) have been from rural areas, thus, the vast majority of the contributors have been city dwellers, most likely as a result of many of the talent coaching centre are situated in city areas and that only some might journey from rural areas to enroll within the programmes.
S/N ATTITUDINAL VARIABLE URBAN RURAL DECISION
- I’m delighted being a part of the programme 3.49 3.92 AGREE
- The programme have geared up me with fundamental vocational abilities 3.32 3.66 AGREE
- The programme have improved my financial 3.20 3.82 AGREE
- Nearly all ladies are participated within the programme 3.54 1.18 VARIATION
- The programme have offered alternative for the ladies to be rich 3.11 2.71 AGREE
- Girls must be motivated to be absolutely concerned within the programme 3.32 3.70 AGREE
- Girls who participated within the programme have acquired financial and social progress 3.50 3.62 AGREE
- The particular coaching programme are one of the best avenue for imparting vocational abilities and data 3.01 3.86 AGREE
- Because of my participation within the proramme I’m now conscious of higher alternatives accessible for me in life 3.62 3.75 AGREE
- My involvement within the programme has created in me a way of belonging 3.97 3.85 AGREE
- The programme can create a excessive self idea and confidence in girl 3.15 3.62 AGREE
- My participation within the programme has given me constructive self picture. 2.92 3.35 AGREE
Desk 2: Perspective of ladies contributors in direction of particular talent coaching programme.
Perspective of ladies contributors in direction of particular talent coaching programmes are comparable within the attitudes towards the programme in all areas examined besides regarding stage of participation and involvement. The city and rural contributors don’t agree that the majority the ladies are concerned within the programmes. Whereas the contributors from the city space are of the opinion that the majority ladies are taking part within the programmes, these from the agricultural areas are of various opinion and disagreed.
The weighted imply was additionally used to compute the extent of angle of the contributors in direction of the prgrammes. The result’s offered in determine 1, which reveals that 62 p.c of city contributors and 88 p.c of rural contributors had a extremely beneficial angle in direction of the ladies’s particular abilities coaching programme 35 p.c of city contributors and three p.c of rural contributors had an unfavourable angle in direction of the programmes. If one add the extremely beneficial and the favouable angle classes, it may be seen that 97% of the contributors from the city and 96% of the contributors from the agricultural space demonstrated a beneficial disposition in direction of the programme.
Fig 1. Individuals angle in direction of the particular coaching programme
Dialogue of Outcomes
The outcomes of the research reveals that the agricultural and concrete ladies contributors have comparable attitudes in direction of the particular abilities coaching programme and majority of the ladies in southern Nigeria have been discovered to have a constructive attitudes in direction of the programme. This findings is in settlement with the findings of Olaitan (2010) who reported the attitudes of beneficiaries of abilities enrolment of youths in residence economics occupations for work in direction of peace within the Niger Delta, and in addition in settlement with the findings of Onwuadi (2011) who steered that female and male trainees in talent acquisition coaching centres had comparable attitudes in direction of vocational and technical schooling programme
Nonetheless, it was revealed from the research that the agricultural and concrete ladies contributors differ of their opinion on the extent of ladies’s participation within the programmes within the space below research. This variation could also be defined by way of the proportion of participation of contributors from the world since extra ladies who engaged within the programmes got here from the city space, this downside led the contributors from these centres to understand that the majority ladies have been concerned. The findings additionally revealed that not many ladies within the space below research have taken benefits of the particular abilities coaching programmes to enhance their monetary standing. Despite this the outcome additionally revealed that the attitudes of the contributors in direction of the programmes are comparable regardless of the world the place they arrive from.
The ladies’s participations within the programme have been quiet good and their attitudes have additionally been very constructive. This means that girls are enthusiastic in regards to the programme and the advantages and successes that may be gained, indicating that the total participation of the ladies, regardless of the place they reside, have to be given the eye it deserves. It’s obvious that rural ladies are extra keen of their expressions of approval than their city counterparts. That is quiet revealing as a result of it’s a pointer to the truth that the agricultural ladies are actually eager to enhance their life model by means of the acquisition of vocational abilities and data.
IMPLICATION FOR VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
The findings of this research have vital implication for the event and implementation of vocational and technical schooling for girls in Nigeria. Firstly, the programmes must be expanded in order that extra ladies can take part particularly in rural areas for the reason that contributors have constructive attitudes in direction of the programmes, expansionist coverage must be pursued whereas on the identical time diversifying the coaching or abilities offered.
The federal government ought to formulate a deliberate coverage aimed of making consciousness, notably amongst rural ladies and break the tradition taboos that. would possibly hinder their full and energetic participation within the particular abilities coaching programmes.
Conclusion and Advice
It may be concluded that girls in city and rural areas in Nigeria have constructive attitudes in direction of particular abilities coaching programme designed particularly for them. In view of this the programme must be retained and a concerted effort made to develop on the prorammes in order that extra ladies throughout the nation can take part and profit. The speed of improvement shouldn’t be allowed to drop, however must be sustained and improved upon in an effort to alternatives for extra ladies to learn from the programmes. Sufficient monitoring and analysis and feed again of the programmes must be vigorously pursued to make sure efficient implementation
References
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